Outcome of Patients with Common Endocrine Diseases Who Had COVID-19 in two Centers in Lagos, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Endocrine diseases are ubiquitous. In our environment, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and thyroid disorders represent the most common examples. Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem with a myriad of complications. We sought to evaluate outcome in terms of fatality in those with common endocrine diseases who were infected with COVID-19. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine outcome in terms of mortality in patients with common endocrine diseases who contracted COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with 120 participants drawn from the endocrinology/DM clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Serenity Hospital, Surulere (a private medical clinic). Data collected included age, gender, type of endocrine disease, comorbid diseases, and COVID-19 status. Through charts from the medical records department, outcome of participants in terms of mortality was determined. RESULTS: Data of 120 subjects were analyzed. There were 61males and 59 females, yielding a male:female ratio of 1:1. Mean age was 58 years and the mode was 46 years. Over half (88) of the patients had diabetes mellitus, 22 had obesity, and 17 had thyroid disorders. The case fatality rate of patients with endocrine diseases who had COVID-19 was 11%, with about 85% of these deaths occurring in the elderly (those aged above 60 years). Ninety-two percent of the patients who died had type 2 DM. Approximately 80% of patients who were infected with COVID-19 had at least one co-morbid disease. CONCLUSION: Older age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the presence of at least one comorbidity were associated with increased mortality in patients with endocrine diseases who were infected with COVID-19 in our study.

CONTEXTE: Les maladies endocriniennes sont omniprésentes. Dans notre environnement, le diabète sucré, l'obésité et les troubles thyroïdiens en sont les exemples les plus courants. Le diabète est un problème de santé mondial qui s'accompagne d'une myriade de complications. Nous avons cherché à évaluer l'issue en termes de mortalité chez les personnes atteintes de maladies endocriniennes courantes qui ont été infectées par COVID-19. BUTS ET OBJECTIFS: Déterminer l'issue en termes de mortalité chez les patients atteints de maladies endocriniennes courantes qui ont contracté COVID 19. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODOLOGIES: Nous avons mené une étude observationnelle, descriptive et transversale auprès de 120 participants provenant de la clinique d'endocrinologie/DM de l'hôpital universitaire de Lagos et de l'hôpital Serenity, Surulere (clinique médicale privée). Les données recueillies comprenaient l'âge, le sexe, le type de maladie endocrinienne, les maladies concomitantes et le statut COVID-19. Les résultats des participants en termes de mortalité ont été déterminés à partir des dossiers médicaux. RÉSULTATS: Les données de 120 sujets ont été analysées. Il y avait 61 hommes et 59 femmes, avec un ratio homme/femme de 1:1. L'âge moyen était de 58 ans, le mode de 46 ans. Plus de la moitié [88] des patients souffraient de diabète sucré. 22 patients souffraient d'obésité et 17 de troubles thyroïdiens. Le taux de létalité des patients souffrant de maladiesendocriniennes et atteints de COVID-19 était de 11 %, 85 % de ces décès survenant chez des personnes âgées, c'est-à-dire de plus de 60 ans. 92 % des patients décédés souffraient de diabète de type 2. Environ 80 % des patients infectés par COVID-19 présentaient au moins une maladie concomitante. CONCLUSION: L'âge avancé, le diabète de type 2, la présence d'au moins une comorbidité sont associés à une mortalité accrue chez les patients atteints de maladies endocriniennes et infectés par COVID-19 dans notre étude. Mots-clés: Maladies endocriniennes, COVID-19, comorbidités, syndrome métabolique.

The effect of COVID-19 on patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases

In December 2019, a new Coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared in China, spreading rapidly around the globe and becoming a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of a serious life-threatening disease known as COVID-19. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with preexisting systemic autoimmune diseases (AID) appears to be slightly higher than in the general population, but the clinical course does not appear to be different. However, we must bear in mind that the use of corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs, and biological therapy in patients with AID can modulate the risk of hospitalization and death. The alterations in the innate and adaptive immune response found in patients with cytokine storm due to COVID-19 are the reasons for the high morbidity and mortality. Thus, clinicians should early identify the symptoms and closely monitor patients with risk factors for developing these complications and the interactions with other systems such as the immune-neuro-endocrine system. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Leveraging Deep Learning for Designing Healthcare Analytics Heuristic for Diagnostics.

Healthcare Informatics is a phenomenon being talked about from the early 21st century in the era in which we are living. With evolution of new computing technologies huge amount of data in healthcare is produced opening several research areas. Managing the massiveness of this data is required while extracting knowledge for decision making is the main concern of today. For this task researchers are doing explorations in big data analytics, deep learning (advanced form of machine learning known as deep neural nets), predictive analytics and various other algorithms to bring innovation in healthcare. Through all these innovations happening it is not wrong to establish that disease prediction with anticipation of its cure is no longer unrealistic. First, Dengue Fever (DF) and then Covid-19 likewise are new outbreak in infectious lethal diseases and diagnosing at all stages is crucial to decrease mortality rate. In case of Diabetes, clinicians and experts are finding challenging the timely diagnosis and analyzing the chances of developing underlying diseases. In this paper, Louvain Mani-Hierarchical Fold Learning healthcare analytics, a hybrid deep learning technique is proposed for medical diagnostics and is tested and validated using real-time dataset of 104 instances of patients with dengue fever made available by Holy Family Hospital, Pakistan and 810 instances found for infectious diseases including prognosis of; Covid-19, SARS, ARDS, Pneumocystis, Streptococcus, Chlamydophila, Klebsiella, Legionella, Lipoid, etc. on GitHub. Louvain Mani-Hierarchical Fold Learning healthcare analytics showed maximum 0.952 correlations between two clusters with Spearman when applied on 240 instances extracted from comorbidities diagnostic data model derived from 15696 endocrine records of multiple visits of 100 patients identified by a unique ID. Accuracy for induced rules is evaluated by Laplace (Fig. 8) as 0.727, 0.701 and 0.203 for 41, 18 and 24 rules, respectively. Endocrine diagnostic data is made available by Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. Our results show that in future this algorithm may be tested for diagnostics on healthcare big data.

Viruses and Endocrine Diseases.

Viral infections have been frequently associated with physiological and pathological changes in the endocrine system for many years. The numerous early and late endocrine complications reported during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinforce the relevance of improving our understanding of the impact of viral infections on the endocrine system. Several viruses have been shown to infect endocrine cells and induce endocrine system disturbances through the direct damage of these cells or through indirect mechanisms, especially the activation of the host antiviral immune response, which may lead to the development of local or systemic inflammation or organ-specific autoimmunity. In addition, endocrine disorders may also affect susceptibility to viral infections since endocrine hormones have immunoregulatory functions. This review provides a brief overview of the impact of viral infections on the human endocrine system in order to provide new avenues for the control of endocrine diseases.

Evaluation of COVID-19 emergency and state of alarm impact on Neonatal Screening Programs in Madrid: endocrine and metabolic disorders program and hearing program review

Background: Under the declaration of the state of alarm (SA) in efforts to control COVID-19, normal development of health programs was threatened. The aim of the study was the evaluation of COVID 19 emergency and SA approval impact on neonatal Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Program (EMDP) and Neonatal Hearing Program (HP) in Madrid.

COVID-19 mortality rate and the most common related underlying medical conditions - cross-sectional study at Sv. George University Hospital - Plovdiv

Introduction. Based on the WHO statistical overview of the past year the overall mortality rate across the EU showed a significant upward trend compared to the preceding three-year period, i.e. excessive mortality rates. In Bulgaria, during the COVID-19 pandemic, over the last year mortality rates peaked by 61.4% compared to the average rates observed in the period from 2017 to 2019. Data from official sources show that in the region of Plovdiv the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is 36,484, of them - 1579 fatalities. Aim. An attempt to investigate and analyze the mortality rates due to COVID-19 and the most common related underlying medical conditions over a year period at St. George Hospital in Plovdiv was made. Materials and methods. The study is a retrospective analysis of descriptive design;a review of patient's medical records was applied for the last year. Results. In the study period registered deaths due to COVID-19 in the hospital were 492. The mortality rate in males was approximately twice, exceeding that of females - 316 (64.2%). The average age of diseased patients was 70.40 (SD +or-11.93), the youngest and oldest were 31 and 97 years of age, respectively. Deaths are more frequent in the age group over 65 (70.1%), compared to the 18 to 64.99 age group (29.9%). Conclusions. Hospital mortality rate due to COVID-19 is higher in men. The most frequent underlying medical conditions in deceased patients with COVID-19 are cardiovascular disorders, followed by endocrine diseases.

Polycystic ovary syndrome as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age

Relevance: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. The prevalence rates of PCOS depend on the diagnostic criteria used and the characteristics of the population sample, and in the general population of women of reproductive age, the prevalence of the syndrome ranges from 6-9% to 19.9% [1,2]. According to modern criteria adopted by the consensus in Rotterdam, then systematically updated by ESHRE / ASRM (2014), the presence of two of the three criteria in a patient simultaneously allows to diagnose PCOS if other pathological conditions are excluded (thyroid pathology, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenogenitalsyndrome, androgen-secreting tumors, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome). Modern international diagnostic criteria include the following signs: (1) signs of polycystic ovaries according to information from pelvic ultrasound investigation (the presence of more than 10 follicles in each ovary);(2) oligo-anovulation;(3) clinical (presence of hirsutism) or biochemical (increased androgen levels) development of ovarian hyperandrogenism [3, 4]. Polycystic ovary syndrome is closely related to many diseases, including metabolic syndrome. Although insulin resistance is an important risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other diseases associated with PCOS, hyperandrogenismmay also be an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome in female patients. Obesity is the most common symptom in PCOS patients (33-88%), which has a large impact on fertility and can lead to adverse effects such as menstrual irregularities, anovulation, infertility and abortion. Therefore, weight management in early PCOS is essential to improve fertility and quality of life. Hyperandrogenism plays a decisive role in abdominal obesity in obese women during adolescence, adulthood and menopause [5]. Although some studies have shown a negative association between plasma androgen levels (A4, DHEA and DHEAS) and obesity [6,7]. But the mechanism of how androgens affect fat cells in women is poorly understood. A number of observations show that among obese women with PCOS, metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance and obesity, in many cases, play a more important role in the mechanism of anovulation in PCOS than excess androgens. In recent years, it has been established that in PCOS there is a frequent combination of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, there is a decrease in the response of insulin-sensitive tissues to the hormone insulin with its sufficient level in the blood. Insulin resistance is found in 30-70% of patients with PCOS who are overweight or obese, and in patients with normal body weight it occurs in 20-25% of cases. The above facts, as well as our own observations, prompted us to analyze the studied women of fertile age with impaired reproductive system against the background of overweight and obesity. Considering the above, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between insulin resistance and reproductive disorders in women with overweight and obesity. Material and research methods. The study included 123 women with clinical development of HA and impaired reproductive function, who consulted the consultative clinic of the RSSPMC of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The criteria for inclusion in the main group were: age of women from 18 to 35 years (average age was 25.8 .. 3.28 years), absence of pregnancy, body mass index over 25 kg / m2. Exclusion criteria from the main group: type 1 and 2 diabetes, pituitary tumors, hypogonadotropichypogonadism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, severe somatic pathology. All patients who applied for the consultation underwent: (1) Collection of anamnestic information. (2) Measurement of anthropometric indicators (height, weight, waist and hip circumference) and assessment of body hair growth using the Ferriman-Hallway scale. (3) Body mass index was

Responsible ownership of companion animals under the ..One Health.. approach. Compilation study

Pet ownership (PO) exerts beneficial effects on the physical and psycho-emotional health of the people with whom they live, even in pandemic contexts. Animals benefit from receiving attention and care and avoiding health risks, based on the ..One Health.. approach. Considering the contributions and importance of the subject, a compilation study of works carried out by the authors was carried out to determine the perception of the benefits of PO in different population sectors. These were exploratory and descriptive studies, cross-sectional and quantitative conducted at the National Institute of Endocrinology and the main Veterinary Clinic of Havana, in which people responsible for companion animals (PO). These people had chronic diseases (cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic), sexual and reproductive health conditions (infertility) and sexual identity (homoerotic and transsexual sexual orientation), in different stages of life (middle and elderly), from 2013 to 2020 (during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic). Selfadministered questionnaires prepared by the research team were used. The results were processed using descriptive statistics and ethical aspects were considered. Most of the participants expressed satisfaction with PO, perceived its benefits on their physical and emotional health, motivated them to take better care of themselves and engage in physical activities, and during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Besides, PO decreased the negative effects of social distancing. Dogs and cats were the preferred animals for emotional reasons.

Temporary incapacity for work (sick leave) in the times of COVID-19, preventive aspects and consequences

Introduction: Temporary disability due to COVID-19 was expressly regulated, through various rules and instructions, covering both isolation by contact, by infection or for sensitive workers. It involved the integration of preventive labor protection covered by its protection in a financial benefit with the highest amount. Analyzing the consequences of the pandemic in the first wave, confinement, de-escalation and return to normality, months from March to October, the ..collapsing.. impact of COVID-19 on the health system led to the paralysis and increase of waiting lists for tests, operations and non-urgent consultations of the rest of pathologies, and consequently a high increase in the average duration of sick leave for all processes, in confinement and de-escalation in 84.48% and in 25.27% the prolonged casualties that reached more than 365 days. Consequently, COVID-19 as a collateral effect led to a poor evolution of the rest of the processes, prolonging the duration of temporary disabilities, which implies a worsening of occupational health, a greater risk of not returning to work that occurs during sick leave long, higher risk of unemployment, higher spending on benefits and economic decline for companies and the self-employed. Temporary disability due to COVID-19 accounted for 38.73% of all casualties at the end of October 2020. Conclusions: The pandemic forced to prioritize resources around COVID-19, collapsing the care of the rest of pathologies, except for emergencies or vital treatments. This meant an increase in waiting lists for non-urgent consultations, tests or surgical interventions, as well as the cancellation or postponement of consultations or treatments and therefore an increase in the longer duration of sick leave and also the worsening of occupational health, consequently, by not being able to have treatment in a timely manner. In confinement and de-escalation, the average duration of casualties increased by 84.48%;by processes, the increase was 503.58% in respiratory diseases, 215.88%, in infectious diseases, 60.73% in endocrine diseases, 45;42% of blood diseases, 45 09% for digestive diseases, 35.63% for osteomyoarticular disorders, 34.12% for neoplasms, 33.37% for circulatory diseases, 31.94% for ..procedures.., and 29.56% of mental disorders. Long-term sick leave (PIT) that reached 365 days increased by 25.27%, compared to the month of October of the previous year. Prolonged sick leave due to endocrine and nutritional diseases increased by 28.50, from mental disorders by 28.20%, from musculoskeletal disorders by 26.70, from neoplasms by 26.49%, from respiratory diseases in 24.27%, for diseases of the nervous system in 22.79%, for cardiovascular diseases in 20.48%, and for digestive diseases in 19.24%. As a consequence of COVID-19, the working population was exposed to an added and new risk;health and social health workers suffered the disease as a direct consequence of their work due to illness of an undoubted professional nature. The effects of COVID-19 on the delay of tests, surgeries or treatments in ..No COVID-19.. processes and the difficulties of contact with care worsened occupational health, prolonging disability situations and increasing the risk of prolonged non-COVID-19 disabilities, return to work due to the expected poor evolution of any process when it cannot be treated and attended to early.

Skin manifestations associated with systemic diseases - Part II.

The skin, by reflecting internal processes, externalizes what happens inside the body in many diseases. Thus, the skin, as an organ, extrapolates its functions of protection, barrier and signals the existence of systemic diseases, expanding the importance of the dermatologist beyond the skin surface. Thus, the dermatologist investigates diagnostic hypotheses for conditions related to all systems and refers patients to the appropriate specialty. Combined with examination by a trained eye, the skin, due to its easy access, is still the ideal place for performing biopsies, which often clarify the diagnosis. This manuscript is the second part of the article on cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases. In the first part, the cutaneous manifestations of the main rheumatologic and granulomatous diseases were described, and vascular manifestations were also addressed. In the present article, it will be discussed how metabolic, cardiovascular, kidney, and gastrointestinal diseases can manifest themselves in the integumentary system. Malignant diseases and their cutaneous implications, will also be discussed. Pruritus and its clinical cutaneous correspondence will be discussed. Finally, an update on cutaneous signs of SARS-CoV2 coronavirus infection will be presented.

The Burden of Hormonal Disorders: A Worldwide Overview With a Particular Look in Italy.

Endocrine diseases have a considerable impact on public health from an epidemiological point of view and because they may cause long-term disability, alteration of the quality-of-life of the affected patients, and are the fifth leading cause of death. In this extensive review of the literature, we have evaluated the prevalence of the different disorders of endocrine interest in the world and Italy, highlighting their epidemiological, clinical, and economic impact.

Bangladesh Endocrine Society (BES) Position Statement for Management of Diabetes and Other Endocrine Diseases in Patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The year 2020 witnessed a largely unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS COV-2. Many people with COVID-19 have comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, which are significantly associated with worse outcomes. Moreover, COVID-19 itself is allied with deteriorating hyperglycemia. Therefore, Bangladesh Endocrine Society has formulated some practical recommendations for management of diabetes and other endocrine diseases in patients with COVID-19 for use in both primary and specialist care settings. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the article is to develop a guideline to protect the vulnerable group with utmost preference - the elderly and those with comorbid conditions. Therefore, to ensure the adequate protective measures and timely treatment for COVID-19 patients with diabetes, other endocrine diseases or any other comorbidities. CONSIDERING AND MONITORING ISSUES: The risk of a fatal outcome from COVID-19 may be up to 50% higher in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetics.Patients with diabetes and COVID had CFR 7.3-9.2%, compared with 0.9-1.4% in patients without comorbidities.Diabetic ketoacidosis may be one of the causes of mortality in COVID-19.There is wide fluctuation of blood glucose in these patients, probably due to irregular diet, reduced exercise, increased glucocorticoids secretion, and use of glucocorticoids. HbA1c should be <7.0% for the majority of the patients, this target may be relaxed in appropriate clinical settings.More emphasis should be given on day-to-day blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/l) must be avoided.Frequent monitoring of blood glucose is needed in critically ill patients. CONCLUSION: The fight against COVID-19 has been proven to be a challenging one. Therefore, all healthcare personnel should make the best use of updated knowledge and skills to ensure adequate protective measures and timely treatment for COVID-19 patients with diabetes, other endocrine diseases or any other comorbidities.